IJAES Volume 1, Issue 1, Article 4
-
Authors
-
Abstract
-
References
-
Full Text
Sadiq Midraj, Jessica Midraj, Gary OโNeill, and Abdellatif Sellami
The intent of the study was to investigate the motivational effects on English learning for English as a foreign language (EFL) grade 12 students in public schools in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). To achieve this intent, 363 studentsโ scores on the Common English Proficiency Assessment (CEPA) were related to the studentsโ state of satisfaction, willingness to communicate with people from other cultures, integrative orientation, instrumental orientation, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation, and willingness to spend time learning English as measured by a selfreport questionnaire. The study showed that there were significant positive correlations (p<.05) between English language achievement and willingness to communicate with people from other cultures, integrative orientation, intrinsic motivation, and willingness to spend time on learning English. However, there was a significant negative correlation (p<.05) between language attainment and extrinsic motivation.
Beatty, M. J. (1987). Communication apprehension as a determinant of avoidance, withdrawal, and performance anxiety. Communication Quarterly, 35, 202โ217.
Brown, H. D. (2001). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy. White Plains, NY: Pearson Education.
Clรฉment, R., Gardner, R., & Smythe, P. C. (1977). Motivational variables in second language acquisition: A study of francophones learning English. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 9, 123โ133.
Dรถrnyei, Z. (1990). Motivation in second and foreign language learning. Language Teaching: The International Abstracting Journal for Language Teachers, 31(3), 117โ135.
Dรถrnyei, Z. (2001). Teaching and researching motivation. Harlow, England: Pearson Education Limited.
Dรถrnyei, Z. (2003). Attitudes, orientations, and motivations in language learning: Advances in theory, research, and applications. Language Learning, 53(Suppl. 1).
Gardner, R. C. (1980). On the validity of affective variables in second language acquisition: Conceptual, contextual, and statistical considerations. Language Learning, 30, 255โ270.
Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social psychology and second language learning: The role of attitudes and motivation. London: Edward Arnold.
Gardner, R. C., Gardner, A., et al. (2004). Integrative motivation: Changes during a year-long intermediate-level language course. Language Learning, 54(1), 1โ34.
Gardner, R. C., & Lambert, E. (1972). Attitudes and motivation in second language learning. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
Gonzales, B. (1976). Attitudes and English: A study of community college students. (Doctoral dissertation). Union of Experimenting Colleges and Universities.
Hamayan, E. (1993). Current trends in ESL curriculum. In English as a second language: Curriculum resource handbook. New York: Kraus International.
Kachru, B. (1977). New Englishes and old models. English Language Forum, 221โ239.
Lukmani, Y. M. (1972). Motivation to learn and language proficiency. Language Learning, 22, 261โ273.
MacIntyre, P. D. (1994). Variables underlying willingness to communicate: A causal analysis. Communication Research Reports, 11, 135โ142.
MacIntyre, P. D. (2003, June 1). Willingness to communicate in the second language: Proximal and distal influences. Paper presented at the 33rd Annual Conference of the Canadian Association of Applied Linguistics, Halifax, NS, Canada.
MacIntyre, P. D., & Charos, C. (1996). Personality, attitudes, and affect as predictors of second language communication. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 15, 3โ26.
MacIntyre, P. D., Baker, S. C., Clรฉment, R., & Donovan, L. A. (2003). Talking in order to learn: Willingness to communicate and intensive language programs. Canadian Modern Language Review, 59(4), 589โ607.
Masgoret, A.-M., & Gardner, R. C. (2003). Attitudes, motivation, and second language learning: A meta-analysis of studies conducted by Gardner and associates. Language Learning, 53(1), 123โ163.
McCroskey, J. C. (1992). Reliability and validity of the willingness to communicate scale. Communication Quarterly, 40, 16โ25.
McCroskey, J. C., & Baer, J. E. (1985, November). Willingness to communicate: The construct and its measurement. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the Speech Communication Association, Denver, CO.
McCroskey, J. C., & Richmond, V. P. (1990). Willingness to communicate: Differing cultural perspectives. Southern Communication Journal, 56, 72โ77.
Midraj, S. (1998). ESL studentsโ attitudes and communicative competence. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN.
Midraj, S. (2003). Affective factors and ESL learning. In C. Coombe, P. Davidson, & D. Lloyd (Eds.), Proceedings of the 5th and 6th Current Trends in English Language Testing (pp. 19โ32). Dubai, UAE: TESOL Arabia.
Newmann, F. M., Secada, W. G., & Wehlage, G. G. (1995). A guide to authentic instruction and assessment: Vision, standards, and scoring. Madison, WI: Wisconsin Center for Education Research.
Noels, K. A., Clรฉment, R., et al. (1999). Perceptions of teachersโ communicative style and studentsโ extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. The Modern Language Journal, 83(1).
Noels, K. A., Pelletier, L. G., et al. (2000). Why are you learning a second language? Motivational orientations and self-determination theory. Language Learning, 50, 57โ85.
Oller, J., Baca, L., et al. (1977). Attitudes and attained proficiency in ESL: A sociolinguistic study of Mexican Americans in the Southwest. TESOL Quarterly, 11(3), 173โ183.
Schulmann, J. (1975). Affective factors and the problem of age in second language acquisition. Language Learning, 25, 209โ235.
Seliger, H. W. (1977). Does practice make perfect?: A study of interaction patterns and L2 competence. Language Learning, 27, 263โ278.
Skehan, P. (1989). Individual differences in second language learning. London: Edward Arnold.
Swain, M. (1998). Focus on form through conscious reflection. In C. Doughty & J. Williams (Eds.), Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition (pp. 64โ81). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Swain, M., & Lapkin, S. (1995). Problems in output and the cognitive processes they generate: A step towards second language learning. Applied Linguistics, 16(3), 371โ391.
Tremblay, P. F., & Gardner, R. C. (1995). Expanding the motivation construct in language learning. The Modern Language Journal, 79(4), 505โ518.
Vallerand, R. J., & Bissonette, R. (1992). Intrinsic, extrinsic, and motivational styles as predictors of behavior: A prospective study. Journal of Personality, 60(3), 599.
Wong, M. (1982). The roles of attitudes and motivation in second language acquisition among adolescent native Chinese speakers in the United States. San Francisco, CA: University of San Francisco.

